Ansible roles 怎么用？¶

本文介绍怎么使用本人编写的ansible role。

系统环境¶

os: Centos 6.7 X64

python: 2.6.6

安装ansible和git¶

[root@node ~]# yum install -y ansible git
[root@node ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.2.1.0
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = Default w/o overrides

设置ansible¶

关闭主机ssh known_hosts检查配置文件：/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

 59 host_key_checking = False

使用git 克隆ansible role¶

[root@node roles]# git clone https://github.com/lework/Ansible-roles.git /etc/ansible/roles/
Initialized empty Git repository in /etc/ansible/roles/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 165, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (95/95), done.
remote: Total 165 (delta 37), reused 152 (delta 24), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (165/165), 26.01 KiB | 19 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (37/37), done.
[root@node roles]# ll /etc/ansible/roles/
总用量 36
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 iptables
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 java
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 mvn
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 nodejs
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 os-init
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 python2.7
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 repo-epel
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 ruby
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 3月  11 11:54 supervisor
[root@node roles]#

添加主机清单¶

这里以192.168.77.130主机为例，并将其设为node2组内。

#/etc/ansible/hosts
[node2]
192.168.77.130 ansible_ssh_pass=123456

查看role的README.md文档¶

# Ansible Role: python2.7

Centos 6.7版本中的python2.6升级到2.7

## 要求

此角色仅在RHEL及其衍生产品上运行。

## 测试环境

ansible `2.2.1.0`
os `Centos 6.7 X64`

## 角色变量
    software_files_path: "/opt/software/"
    software_install_path: "/usr/local"

    python_version: "2.7.13"

    python_file: "Python-{{ python_version }}.tgz"
    python_file_path: "{{ software_files_path }}/{{ python_file }}"
    python_file_url: "http://www.python.org/ftp/python/{{ python_version }}/Python-{{ python_version }}.tgz"

    pip_source_url: "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"
    change_pip_source: true


## 依赖

没有

## github地址
https://github.com/lework/Ansible-roles/tree/master/python2.7

## Example Playbook

    - hosts: servers
      roles:
        - python2.7

    - hosts: server
      roles:
        - { role: python2.7, python_version: "2.7.13"}

上诉说明了此role在哪个环境下正常运行，其他环境暂不保证运行成功。
可以自定义角色变量，达到自己想要的结果。比如想要安装python2.7.12的版本，可以在playbook中定义python_version: "2.7.12",就可以安装2.7.12版本的python了。
如果文章中有依赖，必须先安装依赖，才能运行此role。
在编写Playbook时也可以参考上列的Playbook例子。

编写playbook¶

这里以 python2.7 角色为例，将为node2组内的所有主机安装python2.7服务。

查看 python2.7 使用帮助，根据自身情况设置相应的变量，这里设置python的版本为2.7.14。

文件路径：/etc/ansible/python2.7.yml

---

- hosts: node2

  roles:
    - { role: python2.7, python_version: "2.7.14"}

执行playbook¶

[root@node ansible]# ansible-playbook python2.7.yml 

PLAY [node2] *******************************************************************

TASK [setup] *******************************************************************
ok: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Copy python file to agent.] **********************************
ok: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Create software files .] *************************************
ok: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Download python file.] ***************************************
changed: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Check if python remote soft link is already configured.] *****
ok: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Check if python remote soft old link is already configured.] *
ok: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Ensure packages are installed.] ******************************
ok: [192.168.77.130] => (item=[u'zlib', u'zlib-devel', u'openssl', u'openssl-devel', u'python-devel', u'gcc'])

TASK [python2.7 : Copy python file to agent.] **********************************
changed: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Build python.] ***********************************************
changed: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Move python old version and Create python dir soft link.] ****
changed: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Replace file python env path.] *******************************
changed: [192.168.77.130] => (item=/usr/sbin/iotop)
changed: [192.168.77.130] => (item=/usr/bin/yum)

TASK [python2.7 : Check if pip is already configured.] *************************
ok: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Install python2.7 pip.] **************************************
changed: [192.168.77.130]
 [WARNING]: Consider using get_url or uri module rather than running curl


TASK [python2.7 : Create pip config dir.] **************************************
changed: [192.168.77.130]

TASK [python2.7 : Change pip source.] ******************************************
changed: [192.168.77.130]

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
192.168.77.130             : ok=15   changed=8    unreachable=0    failed=0

查看主机是否安装了python2.7版本¶

使用ad-hoc方式查看

[root@node ansible]# ansible node2 -m shell -a 'python -V'
192.168.77.130 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Python 2.7.12

在主机上查看

[root@node2 ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.12

至此，ansible role怎么使用大家都明白了把。如果有疑问的话，欢迎大家来QQ群【425931784 已满员】【756527917】交流